S-31-S
20% off · active now- 99%+ HPLC purity — Third-party tested, every batch
- COA for every lot — Download the full report below
- Lyophilized for stability — Packed to arrive intact
- Ships from Charleston, SC — Fast domestic shipping
- Class
- Research peptide
- Application
- Research use only
- Form
- Lyophilized powder
- Storage
- −20 °C long term
- Purity (HPLC)
- 99%+ third-party verified
- Origin
- Ships from Charleston, SC
Phantom Peptides’ S-31-S Product Specifications
| Product name | S-31-S |
|---|---|
| Peptide class | Research peptide |
| Strength | 10MG |
| Purity | 99%+ HPLC verified |
| Form | Lyophilized powder |
| Testing | Third-party tested |
| Documentation | Certificate of Analysis available |
| Storage | −20 °C long term |
| Application | Research use only |
| SKU | 28-1 |
S-31-S 10mg
S-31-S is a synthetic, mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide developed through academic mitochondrial biology research. Its alternating aromatic-cationic sequence, D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, includes a D-amino acid and a dimethylated tyrosine residue, structural modifications intended to improve resistance to enzymatic breakdown. The peptide is notable in the literature for its affinity for cardiolipin, a phospholipid concentrated in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Each vial ships with 10mg of lyophilized S-31-S sealed in a 3mL glass vial, backed by Phantom Peptides’ internal verification standard: independent third-party lab analysis.
Product Specifications
- Compound: S-31-S
- Class: Synthetic mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide
- Sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2
- Molecular Weight: ~640 Da
- Form: Lyophilized powder
- Vial Size: 10mg / 3mL glass vial
Research Background
The existing literature on S-31-S spans a handful of distinct research threads:
- Cardiolipin interaction research: biophysical studies on how the peptide associates with cardiolipin-containing membranes
- Mitochondrial bioenergetics: cell culture and isolated mitochondria work examining electron transport chain function and ATP production
- Oxidative stress models: cellular studies on reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial membrane integrity under oxidative conditions
- Cellular uptake and localization research: studies characterizing how the peptide enters cells and accumulates at the inner mitochondrial membrane
Development traces back to academic research on mitochondria-targeted peptides, with the deepest body of published work coming out of university mitochondrial biology and bioenergetics research groups. For primary sources, PubMed (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and NIH’s PMC database (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) index the peer reviewed literature on aromatic-cationic mitochondria-targeted peptide research.
Important Notice
Phantom Peptides supplies S-31-S strictly for laboratory research. It is not intended for human or veterinary use, and no dosage or administration guidance is provided. Any discussion of biological activity refers only to published preclinical or in vitro research.
Why buy from us
Every vial of S-31-S we ship is backed by third-party analytical testing and a certificate of analysis you can read before you order. We focus on a short list of research compounds so each one gets the attention it needs.
- Third-party verified. Each batch is tested by an independent laboratory for purity and identity.
- Published COAs. The report for the current batch is linked on this page.
- Consistent supply. Lyophilized, sealed and labeled with batch information for traceability.
- Real support. Questions about an order or a document? Our team answers from Charleston, SC.
Storage
Before reconstitution
Store the lyophilized powder at or below 8 °C in a dry place, away from light. For long-term storage, keep it frozen at −20 °C.
After reconstitution
Refrigerate at 2–8 °C and use within 30 days. For longer preservation, aliquot and freeze at −20 °C, and avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.
Shipping
Orders ship from Charleston, SC with tracking on every package. Vials are packed to protect them in transit, and you can check estimated delivery times for your state on the shop page.
- HPLC testedIndependent lab verified
- COA every batchPublished and downloadable
- 99%+ purityConfirmed per lot
- Ships from Charleston, SCTracked domestic delivery
- Lyophilized powderSealed for stability
- Research use onlyNot for human consumption
Certificate of Analysis
The certificate of analysis for S-31-S is not ready yet.
Every batch of S-31-S is independently tested before shipment. The full analytical report is available to download.
Lab analysis — independent third-party testing
| HPLC purity | 99%+ |
|---|---|
| Identity (mass spectrometry) | Confirmed |
| Appearance | White lyophilized powder |
| Testing | Independent third-party laboratory |
| Documentation | Full COA (PDF) below |
Certificate of Analysis
Verified- HPLC purity: 99%+
- Identity (mass spectrometry): Confirmed
- Appearance: White lyophilized powder
- Testing: Independent third-party laboratory
Why Researchers Choose Phantom Peptides
Not all peptide vendors hold themselves to the same verification standards.
| Verification standard | Phantom Peptides | Generic vendors |
|---|---|---|
| HPLC purity analysis | 99%+ every batch | Often not disclosed |
| Mass spectrometry identity | Confirmed | Rarely available |
| COA published and downloadable | Every lot | Inconsistent |
| Batch-labeled vials | Yes | Sometimes |
| Ships from the USA | Charleston, SC | Often overseas |
| Research-use labeling | Clear on every vial | Varies |
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Is S-31-S supplied as a lyophilized powder?
Yes. S-31-S ships as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder, which removes moisture and helps keep the compound stable until it is reconstituted for research.
2. How is the purity of S-31-S verified?
Each batch is tested by an independent laboratory using HPLC for purity and mass spectrometry for identity. The certificate of analysis for the current batch is linked on this page.
3. What does 99%+ HPLC purity mean?
High-performance liquid chromatography separates a sample into its components. A 99%+ result means the target compound makes up at least that percentage of the measured sample.
4. How should S-31-S be stored before reconstitution?
Keep the sealed vial at or below 8 °C in a dry place, away from light. For long-term storage, keep it frozen at −20 °C.
5. How long is S-31-S stable after reconstitution?
Refrigerated at 2–8 °C, use within 30 days. For longer preservation, aliquot and freeze at −20 °C and avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.
6. Can I see the COA before I order?
Yes. The full COA is available to download in the Certificate of Analysis section above, and on our COA page.
7. Is S-31-S intended for human use?
No. S-31-S is sold for laboratory research use only. It is not for human or veterinary consumption, and we do not provide dosage or administration guidance.
8. Where do orders ship from?
All orders ship from Charleston, SC with tracking.
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